There are various sources of ancient Indian history. Although the ancient Indians did not have the same historical style as we find in ancient Greece or Rome, in ancient India, many such documents related to various topics were written, giving details of ancient history. The topic of these activities is related to ethics, religion, social, economic and political and health and administrative system etc. Many poems, epics and plays were also produced in Panin India, providing details about the situation at that time. Apart from the sources, we find information on ancient Indian history from visible sources.
The resources available in ancient India can be divided into two parts for convenience - there is also a difference between the books and the archeological methods - Varmika and Lakika religious texts can be divided into Brahman and Abrahman Pratha. Similarly, there are two differences in the Brahmin group - Ati and Smriti.
Sources of Books
1. Vedas:
The oldest part of the Aryan is Vesha. The Vedas are Haar - Ga, Sama, Ya and Atharveda. Historical objects are found in all four. But Rigwet is very important in this regard. This is the oldest. This marks the first position of the Aryans. Gah's commentary on Vedic and Samhitas traditions is called Brahman texts. Through them, knowledge of the anointing of ancient kings and their names is obtained. Atreya is the chief among the brahmins. A well-known king of history, Parikshit, and more recently, knowledge of Indian history is available. Upanishads are also numerous. In it, complete information on ancient Aryan history and history extends down to the Bimbisara period.
2. Vedanga:
Later, for the purpose of Vedic studies, branches of special conditions were born, known as Vedangas. Six Vedangas - education, kalpa, grammar, nirukta, chhand and astrology: these represent the ancient religious community.
3. Ramayana and Mahabharata:
After the Vedic texts, two pillars of Indian history appear - the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. An explanation of the political, social, and religious situation at that time is found in Ramayana. The meaning of the conflict between the Aryans and the Yavanas and the Shakas is found only in the study of the Mahabharata. Vyasa is a Mahabharata writer. But later it had three rituals - Jai, Bharat, Mahabharata.
The Mahabharata sheds light on religion, politics, and society in ancient times. But there is a complete lack of history in chronological order and it is difficult to extract history even if it is a fictional story. However, it should be noted that both of these conferences provide information on the social and religious situation at that time. It also provides information on the connection between Aryan and Dravidian cultures.
Puranas and Smritis:
Then came the Puranas. Its number is 18. The debt of his creation was given to Sutleleharshan or his son Ugrashrava. In general, five subjects are listed in it - Sarga, Pratisarga, Vansh, Manvantara and Vanshnucharitra. Lastly there is a special significance in history.
The genealogies of the kings of Inanda, Maurya, Shunga, Kanva, Andha and the Guptas are found in the Puranas. We therefore see that the history from ancient times to the Guptas is found in the Puranas. Memories are also very important in history. For example, the memories of Manu, Vishnu, Narada, Brihaspati etc. give a good understanding of the society and religion of the time. Complete information on the various social and religious upheavals that occurred from the second to the 7th century is preserved.
Brahman Books:
The second most important part of the writing material is non-Brahmin texts. Jain texts are religious only. They also discovered important aspects of Indian history. Buddhists have also compiled large books. Soot, Vijay Abhidhamma, Tripitaka are very important in this regard. It gives a complete description of the Buddhist sanghas organization and a good understanding of the political conditions of the day.
Jataka ranks second in Buddhist literature. Its number is 549. It sheds light on the history of civilization of the third century BC. It is of great importance in the history of the Maurya dynasty. Milindapanho is another Pali text. This enlightens us about the social, economic, religious, and commercial conditions of the day. Similarly, ‘Divyadan’ gives many details about Ashoka and its followers.
. Space Books:
In addition to religious writings, there is a wealth of historical information from secular sources. There are many historical documents in which the description of kings and their rule is found. If "Rajatarangini" goes to the first great month of India, then there will be no injustice. It was named in 1149 AD. The description of all the kings of Kashmir is given in "Rajatarrigani" in chronological order.
Historical Particulars:
There are also sub-texts in history whose apparent purpose is not history, but because of their historical style of writing, they get a glimpse of historical events. Among them is the Panini "Ashtadhyayi" which, although a Brahmin inscription, sheds light on the political situation before and after the Mauryas. In the play "Mudrarakshasa", Visakhadatta sheds light on the struggle, the severity and severity of his punishment for Chandragupta's enthronement.
Records:
There is also much that can be learned from human history. Although the real purpose of the writing was to glorify the kings of the sponsors, historical objects have been discovered in them. Vanabhatta's "Harshacharita" is a description of the early life of Harsha and the Digvijayas. Anandamaya's "Ballal Naritra" publishes the history of the Senate dynasty. Similarly, Chandvardai, author of "Prithviraj Bharat", Jai Singh, author of Kumarpal, etc. also provided some historical. Some texts were written to satisfy themselves, but history was glorious in them. In these programs one can read three Harga-Nagananda games, many Ratnavali Apriyadarsika games of Kalidasa. It provides an introduction to history.
The contribution of immigrants:
Knowing the content of Indian history, there has been a great deal of cooperation from foreign scholars, accountants and historians in the search for a brother. His traditions, his way of life, etc. have been widely talked about. Many Greek ambassadors came after Alexander like Megasthenes and shed much light on the social and political life of the day. Shubasin was the first Chinese historian to shed light on the history of India. Fahian, Hansang, Itsig etc had come to India to acquire knowledge of Buddhism, but their interpretation sheds light on the management and composition of the texts here. Muslims should not be left behind in this race. The greatest Muslim writers were Al-Biruni, probably no other foreigner with a passion for Indian culture, culture and artistic skills. If Alberuni had written 100 percent of what Alberuni had written about Indian civilization and culture, if there had been a true political record, the place of that book would have been much higher than other texts of Indian history today.
Archaeological Sources:
Like stationery, archeology can also be divided into three categories: inscriptions, monuments, and coins.
Records: Where all types of resources are lacking, some history can only be known by these records. Inscriptions on rocks, metal, caves, etc. of ancient India cannot be erased. But unfortunately no document before Ashoka was found. From Ashoka, we see its abundance. It has two parts - indigenous and international records.
Indigenous literature:
Indigenous literature dates back to the Ashoka period. In order to free the people of Janardan from poverty, to bring them on the right path and to establish relations between the king and the subjects, a network of pillars and stone was set up in all chambers of the empire, which brought light to Ashoka civilization and culture. Does it matter. Similarly, an explanation of his Digvijayas was obtained from the printer of Samudragupta. Hathiguffa's text puts full light on the kings of Khara.
External records:
In addition to countless indigenous records, other external records were obtained. Which sets several lights in our history. Among them are the inscriptions on the Bogajkoi of Asia Minor in reference to the Vedic gods. The Aryan invasion is understandable in this text. From the writings of Porcepalus and Iran, there is a sense of the relationship between India and Iran.
Monuments:
Ancient monuments unearthed, and still standing in the earth today, provide a perfect backdrop for history. A living example of this is found in various types of new buildings, palaces, community halls, viharas, monasteries, chaityas, stupas, mausoleums, portraits, paintings etc. Their number is also two - traditional monuments and foreign monuments.
1.Indigenous Monuments:
The excavation of Mohenjodaro and Harappa has added a new chapter to history by bringing the history of thousands of years back to us. Similarly, the religious history of India is largely explained by archaeological finds such as Angadi, Laxmaneshwar, Vanvasi, Patandkal, Chittaldurg etc. in the south. Apart from the excavations, there are many temples and statues lying on the ground, illuminating religious practices, artistic and commercial arts here in the Paean monument. The engraving of King Buddha at the Jhansi temple in Deogarh, Nalanda is a clear fulfillment of history.
2. Foreign Monuments: Throws the history of ancient Indian history from foreign monuments. Shiva Temple at Didapthar in Java, the broken Vaishnava temple on Mount Kanoon, etc. All these ancient foreign monuments are symbols of the spread of Indian culture and religion.
Fees:
Coins or coins are very important in making the history of ancient India. In fact, coins were the main source of historical information from the second century BC to the third century AD. We also get information about Greek Hindu rulers from finances. Coins of the Gupta period provide details about the administration of the Guptas, their personal qualities, and their religious tendencies.
Economic measurement:
The pure gold coins of the first Gupta rulers show the prosperity of their rule. But the fraud of Skandagupta's gold coins gives the impression of a deteriorating economic situation in the Gupta era.
Enlightenment in the form of art and literature:
Drawings and inscriptions reflect the state of the art and literature of the time.
Symbols:
Numerous artifacts from the Indus region have been discovered, excellent examples of contemporary art. Most symbols have the shape of an animal and the text in its text. Pashupati Shiva's idol is engraved on one of the statues. It is known from this that the Sandhavas worshiped Shiva. Many clay tablets have been found in Basad (ancient Vaishal), indicating that 'Syreni' (a commercial organization) existed at that time.
Art:
Many ancient paintings have been found in various parts of India, from which details about art, religion, culture, costume, ornaments, etc. It is inferred from the idols of Shiva found from the Indus region that the Indus people worship Shiva. Many sculptures of Vaishnava, Shaivism, Jainism, and Buddhism of the Gupta period have been discovered, illuminating the prominence of the sculptural art of the time. It is also known from this that knowledge of religious and social beliefs in the people is also available in that period. Frescoes built in the caves of Ajanta and Bagh reflect well on the art and culture of the time.
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